Digital natives in Mexico: Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Digital Citizenship Scale in university students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2022.82.2635Keywords:
Digital Citizenship, Digital Natives, Digital Policies, Political Participation, EducationAbstract
Currently, citizenship as a concept is being built along with technological expansion and the internet, from where new interaction and participation ways have been generated. In this context, the concept of Digital Citizenship arises to understand citizen behavior in the digital sphere. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of the Digital Citizenship Scale (ECD) (Choi et al., 2017), adapted for use in Mexico. The sample consisted of 522 university students between 18 and 30 years old, of which 64.5% were women. The methods used were exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results suggested to hold back the 26 items in a 5-factor model (χ2(289) = 998.71; CFI = .96; TLI = .97, RMSEA = .06, SRMR = .07) that explained 67% of the variance and it coincided with the theoretical proposal, except for a change in the belonging of item 6 to the Network Actions factor. The reliability analysis indicated a total ordinal alpha of 0.92 and the correlational analysis showed evidence of discriminant validity. It was concluded that the ECD presents adequate psychometric properties for its use in university students in Mexico.
Downloads
References
Andrenacci, L. (2019). Un ensayo sobre la historia de la ciudadanía en América Latina desde una perspectiva a largo plazo. Cadernos EBAPE. BR, 17, 703-716. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395174321
Baltazar, C., Sámano, A., Martínez, Y., y Garduño, A. (2021). Análisis De La Ciudadanía Digital En Alumnos De Una Institución Universitaria En Épocas De Pandemia. In Crescendo, 11(4), 425-441. doi: https://doi.org/10.21895/incres.2020.v11n4.02
Bollen, K. (1989). Structural Equations with Latent Variables. New York, NY: Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781118619179
Cabero-Almenara, J., Torres-Barzabal, L., y Hermosilla-Rodríguez, J. (2019). Las TIC y la creación de una ciudadanía crítica e-digital. Education in the Knowledge Society, 20 (1). http://hdl.handle.net/10366/143343
Castells, M. (1996). El surgimiento de la sociedad de redes. La era de la información, Economía, Sociedad y Cultura. México: Siglo XXI.
Chen, L., Mirpuri, S., Rao, N., y Law, N. (2021). Conceptualization and measurement of digital citizenship across disciplines. Educational Research Review, 33, 100379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2021.100379
Choi, M. (2016). A Concept Analysis of Digital Citizenship for Democratic Citizenship Education in the Internet Age, Theory & Research in Social Education, DOI: 10.1080/00933104.2016.1210549
Choi, M., Glassman, M., y Cristol, D. (2017). What it means to be a citizen in the internet age: Development of a reliable and valid digital citizenship scale. Computers & Education, 107, 100-112.
Claro, M., Santana, L. E., Alfaro, A., y Franco, R. (2021). Ciudadanía digital en América Latina: revisión conceptual de iniciativas. Documentos de Proyectos CEPAL. https://hdl.handle.net/11362/47356
Collin, P. (2015). Young citizens and political participation in a digital society: Addressing the democratic disconnect. NY: Springer. DOI: 10.1057/9781137348838
Dalton, R. (2008). Citizenship norms and the expansion of political participation. Political studies, 56(1), 76-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x
De la Garza, D., y Rasgado, M. (2018). Consumo de medios y participación política de los jóvenes universitarios en el contexto electoral mexicano del 2018. Correspondencias & análisis, (8), 75-95. https://doi.org/10.24265/cian.2018.n8.04
Elosua, P., y Zumbo, B. (2008). Coeficientes de Fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20(4), 896–901. (Consultado el 29 de agosto de 2022) Recuperado de https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/8747
Erdem, C., y Koçyigit, M. (2019). Exploring Undergraduates' Digital Citizenship Levels: Adaptation of the Digital Citizenship Scale to Turkish. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(3), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.17220/mojet.2019.03.003
Feenberg, A. (1991). Critical theory of technology (Vol. 5). NY: Oxford University Press.
Fernández-Prados, J.; Lozano-Díaz, A.; Ainz-Galende, A. (2021). Measuring Digital Citizenship: A Comparative Analysis. Informatics, 8, 18. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics8010018
Fernández-Prados, J., y Lozano-Díaz, A. (2021). The challenge of active digital citizenship in European higher education: analysis of cyberactivism among university students. EDMETIC, Revista de Educación Mediática y TIC, 10, 118-134.
Flora, D., y Curran, P. (2004). An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data. Psychological Methods, 9(4), 466-491. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.9.4.466
Freiberg, A., Stover, J., De la Iglesia, G., y Fernández, M. (2013). Correlaciones policóricas y tetracóricas en estudios factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. Ciencias psicológicas, 7(2), 151-164. doi:10.22235/cp.v7i1.1057
Galván, M., Briceño, C., Fernández-Darráz, M., y Mora-Guerrero, G. (2021). Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente (ISA) en adolescentes chilenos: estructura factorial, fiabilidad, validez e invarianza por sexo. Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, 8(3), 9-17. 10.21134/rpcna.2021.08.3.1
García-Orosa, B. (2021). "Disinformation, social media, bots, and astroturfing: the fourth wave of digital democracy". Profesional de la información, 30, 6, e300603. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.nov.03
Gauja, A. (2021). Digital democracy: Big technology and the regulation of politics. University of New South Wales Law Journal, The, 44(3), 959-982. https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/informit.067538853247293
Glick, P., y Fiske, S. (2001). An Ambivalent Alliance. Hostile and Benevolent Sexism as Complementary Justifications for Gender Equality. American Psychologist, 56 (2), 109-118. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.109
Glassman, M., y Kang, M. J. (2016). Teaching and learning through open source educative processes. Teaching and Teacher Education, 60, 281-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.09.002
Hawamdeh, M., Altınay, Z., Altınay, F., Arnavut, A., Ozansoy, K., y Adamu, I. (2022). Comparative analysis of students and faculty level of awareness and knowledge of digital citizenship practices in a distance learning environment: case study. Education and Information Technologies, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10868-7
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI). (2021). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares. https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/dutih/2021/
Inglehart, R., y Norris, P. (2003). Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. NY: Cambridge University Press.
Kara, N. (2018). Understanding university students' thoughts and practices about digital citizenship: A mixed methods study. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 21(1), 172-185. http://www.jstor.org/stable/26273878
Kline, P. (2000). Handbook of Psychological Testing (2.a ed). Londres: Routledge.
LEYDET, D. Citizenship. Stanford: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2017. Disponible en: <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2017/entries/citizenship/> Acceso en: 30 agosto 2022.
Lloret-Segura, S., Ferreres-Traver, A., Hernández-Baeza, A., y Tomás-Marco, I. (2014). El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio de los Ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada. Anales de Psicología, 30(3), 1151-1169. doi:10.6018/analesps.30.3.199361
Lorenzo-Seva, U., y Ferrando, P. (2006). FACTOR: A computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model. Behavior research methods, 38(1), 88-91. doi:10.3758/BF03192753
Lozano-Díaz, A., y Fernández-Prados, J. (2018). Digital citizenship and its measurement: Psychometric properties of one scale and challenges for higher education. Education in the Knowledge Society, 19(3), 83-101. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks201819383101
Lozano Díaz, A., y Fernández Prados, J. (2019). Hacia una educación para la ciudadanía digital crítica y activa en la universidad. RELATEC: revista latinoamericana de tecnología educativa. 18(1) 175-187. http://dx.medra.org/10.17398/1695-288X.18.1.175
Lugo, M., Ithurburu, V., Sonsino, A., y Loiacono, F. (2020). Políticas digitales en educación en tiempos de Pandemia: desigualdades y oportunidades para América Latina. Edutec. Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa, (73), 23-36. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.73.1719
MacLean, D., y Titah, R. (2022). A systematic literature review of empirical research on the impacts of e‐government: a public value perspective. Public Administration Review, 82(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13413
Martínez, J., Rivera, P., Covarrubias, D., y Girón, F. (2019). Las prácticas comunicativas online y su impacto en las actitudes políticas de las y los jóvenes en la zona Metropolitana de Monterrey, Nuevo León. Revista de Comunicación Política, 1, 31-52. https://doi.org/10.29105/rcp1-2
Mendiguren, T., Pérez, J., Meso, K. (2020). Actitud ante las Fake News: Estudio del caso de los estudiantes de la Universidad del País Vasco. Revista de Comunicación, 19 (1). https://doi.org/10.26441/RC19.1-2020-A10
Morduchowicz, R. (2020). La ciudadanía digital como política pública en educación en América Latina. Montevideo: UNESCO
Muñiz, J., Elosua, P., y Hambleton, R. (2013). Directrices para la traducción y adaptación de los tests: segunda edición. Psicothema, 25(2), 151-157. 10.7334/psicothema2013.24
Muthén, L., y Muthén, B. (1998-2011). Mplus User's Guide. Sixth Edition. Los Angeles, CA: Muthén y Muthén
Myers, N., Ahn, S., y Jin, Y. (2011). Sample size and power estimates for a confirmatory factor analytic model in exercise and sport: A Monte Carlo approach. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 82(3), 412-423. doi:10.1080/02701367.2011.10599773
Nunnally, J., y Bernstein, I. (1995). Teoría Psicométrica. México: Mc Graw- Hill.
Prensky, M. (2005). Digital natives, digital immigrants. Gifted, (135), 29-31.
Quiroz, J., y Lázaro-Cantabrana, J. (2020). La competencia digital de la ciudadanía, una necesidad creciente en una sociedad digitalizada. Edutec. Revista Electrónica De Tecnología Educativa, (73), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.21556/edutec.2020.73.1743
Richardson J., Martin F. y Sauers N. (2021): Systematic review of 15 years of research on digital citizenship: 2004–2019, Learning, Media and Technology, 46(4) 498-514 https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2021.1941098
Robles, J. (2009). Ciudadanía digital. Una introducción a un nuevo concepto de ciudadano. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
Sanabria, A., y Cepeda, O. (2016). La educación para la competencia digital en los centros escolares: la ciudadanía digital. RELATEC: revista latinoamericana de tecnología Educativa. 15(2) 95-112. DOI: 10.17398/1695288X.15.2.95
Santana, L. y Serra, I. (2022). El enfoque de derechos humanos y ciudadanía digital en la ciudad: conceptos y propuesta. Documentos de Proyectos CEPAL. Recuperado a partir de https://hdl.handle.net/11362/48062
Satorra, A., y Bentler, P. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66(4), 507-514. doi:10.1007/BF02296192
Savalei, V., y Rhemtulla, M. (2013). The performance of robust test statistics with categorical data. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 66, 201–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8317.2012.02049.x
Scupola, A., y Mergel, I. (2022). Co-production in digital transformation of public administration and public value creation: The case of Denmark. Government Information Quarterly, 39(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2021.101650
Serrano, J. (2013). Vidas conectadas: tecnología digital, interacción social e identidad. Historia y Comunicación Social. Vol. 18 Nº Especial Noviembre. 353-36. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_HICS.2013.v18.44249
Timmerman, M., y Lorenzo-Seva, U. (2011). Dimensionality Assessment of Ordered Polytomous Items with Parallel Analysis. Psychological Methods, 16(2), 209-220. doi:10.1037/a0023353
Torres-Gastelú, C., Cordero-Guzmán, D., Soto-Ortiz, J., y Mory, A. (2019). Influencia de factores sobre la manifestación de la ciudadanía digital. Revista Prisma Social, (26), 27–49. Recuperado a partir de https://revistaprismasocial.es/article/view/3099
Twizeyimana, J., y Andersson, A. (2019). The public value of E-Government–A literature review. Government information quarterly, 36(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001
Van Dijk, J., y Hacker, K. (2018). Internet and democracy in the network society. NY: Routledge.
Vera-Baceta, M., y Gómez-Hernández, J. (2021). "Espacios de ciudadanía digital" en las bibliotecas públicas: una propuesta para su integración en el marco del Plan nacional de competencias digitales. Anuario ThinkEPI, 15, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3145/thinkepi.2021.e15b02
Vromen, A., Loader, B., Xenos, M., y Bailo, F. (2016). Everyday making through Facebook engagement: Young citizens' political interactions in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. Political Studies, 64(3), 513-533. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321715614012
We Are Social & Hootsuite (2022). Digital Report 2022. Disponible en: https://wearesocial.com/es/blog/2022/01/digital-2022/
Xia, Y., y Yang, Y. (2019). RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: The story they tell depends on the estimation methods. Behavior research methods, 51(1), 409-428. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1055-2
Yoon, S., Kim, S., y Jung, Y. (2019). Needs Analysis of Digital Citizenship Education for University Students in South Korea: Using Importance-Performance Analysis. Educ. Technol. Int, 20, 1-24.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
By submitting the paper, the authors assign the publication rights to the journal Edutec. For its part, Edutec authorises its distribution as long as its content is not altered and its origin is indicated. At the end of each article published in Edutec, the citation procedure is indicated.
The management and editorial board of Edutec Revista Electrónica de Tecnología Educativa do not accept any responsibility for the statements and ideas expressed by the authors in their work.
Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)